Jehovah’s Witnesses

There are different Christian organizations that digressed from the Roman Catholic religion. One of them is the association of Jehovah's Witnesses. The association was officially settled around 1870's in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (Watchtower, 1984, p. 203). â€Å"At first they were referred to just as Bible Students, however in 1931 they embraced the Scriptural name Jehovah's Witnesses†¦ Their convictions are†¦ a reclamation of first-century Christianity† (Watchtower, 1984, p. 203). Jehovah's Witnesses base their convictions in understanding to the New World Translation book of scriptures. Along these lines, they abstain from celebrating famous, agnostic practices such birthday festivities and occasions. They likewise stay nonpartisan in government undertakings and keep away from blood transfusion. Witnesses don't participate in agnostic celebrations and exercises that people have chosen for themselves. This is on the grounds that they solidly accept that it negates book of scriptures standards and lessons. They likewise want to have an everlasting life and live under God's realm. So as to do this they need to disassociate from whatever isn't corresponding to the holy book. Furthermore, Witnesses' idea of soul, damnation and immersion are likewise gotten from the holy book. Witnesses inundate themselves in strict exercises, for example, normal book of scriptures study, distribution study, and participation gatherings to acquire information about Jehovah. This empowers them to adequately vindicate his name, which they do by effectively taking an interest in administration otherwise called entryway to entryway lecturing. Witnesses have completely investigated the starting point of birthday events. In their distribution, Reasoning from the Scriptures, it expresses that [t]he different traditions with which individuals today commend their birthday celebrations have a long history. Their roots lie in the domain of enchantment and religion. The traditions of offering congrats, introducing presents and celebrating-total with lit candles-in antiquated occasions were intended to shield the birthday celebrant from the devils and to guarantee his security for the coming year†¦ (Schwabische Zeitung [German magazine] refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 69). Additionally, [t]he custom of lit candles on the cakes began with the Greeks†¦ Birthday candles, in people conviction, are endowned with exceptional enchantment for conceding wishes†¦. Birthday welcome have the force for good or sick since one is nearer to the soul world on this day (The Lore of Birthdays refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 69-70). Moreover, occasions, for example, Christmas, New Year and Easter additionally originate from agnostic conventions. Christmas was determined to December 25 since it correspond[s] to agnostic celebrations that occurred around the hour of the winter solstice, †¦ to praise the resurrection of the sun†¦ The Roman Saturnalia (a celebration devoted to Saturn, the lord of horticulture, and to the restored intensity of the sun), likewise occurred at this time†¦ Encyclopedia Americana refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 176). Likewise, â€Å" ‘[d]uring the Saturnalia†¦ devouring won, and blessings were traded. ‘† (Encyclopedia Americana refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 178). Besides, the early Christians believed the festival of anybody's introduction to the world to be an agnostic customâ₠¬ ¦. [This is because] [b]irthday festivities were held out of appreciation for agnostic divinities. For instance, on May 24 Romans commended the birthday of the goddess Diana. On the next day, they watched the birthday of their sun-god, Apollo. Henceforth, birthday festivities were related with agnosticism, not with Christianity (The World Book Encyclopedia refered to in Watchtower, 2005, p. 157). This doesn't imply that Witnesses don't participate in blessing giving. Witnesses offer presents to others however they simply practice this consistently, when it isn't normal, rather than only two or three events in a year, for example, Christmas and birthday celebrations. To place it in accordance with the sacred texts, 2 Corinthians 9:7 states â€Å"Let every one do similarly as he has settled in his heart, not hesitantly or under impulse, for God cherishes a happy giver† (New World Bible, 1984, p. 447). In this manner, events, for example, Christmas and birthday celebrations powers an individual to get something for another individual despite the fact that they may not have any desire to. By and large, individuals are required to do this in light of the fact that the event anticipates that them should do as such. In lik e manner, New Year was built up by Julius Caesar on January 1 out of 46 B. C. to commit a day to the Roman god Janus-god of entryways, entryways, and beginnings (The World Book Encyclopedia refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 180). Plus, the eggs related with Easter â€Å"is the symbol of the growing existence of early spring†¦ The bunny is an agnostic image and has consistently been a symbol of fertility† (Watchtower, 1989, p. 179). Easter in certainty â€Å"bears its Chaldean root on its very brow. Easter is nothing else than Astarte†¦ the sovereign of heaven†¦ [also] the colored eggs of†¦ Easter Sunday, figured in the Chaldean rituals similarly as they do now† (The Catholic Encyclopedia refered to in Watchtower, 1989, p. 180). To put it plainly, Witnesses don't approve cheerful creation, social affair of relatives and dear companions and even blessing giving. The main thing that they have an issue with is concerning the beginning of birthday events and occasions. To push the significance of the way that sources do make a difference, [s]uppose you saw a bit of sweets lying in the canal. Okay get that treats and eat it? Obviously not! That candy is messy. Like that treats, occasions may appear to be sweet, however they have been gotten from messy spots (Watchtower, 2005, p. 159). Another issue that Witnesses don't take part in is political undertakings and anything that is identified with it, for example, saluting the banner, singing the national hymn and being enrolled in military assistance. Witnesses accentuate the sacred writing in John 18:36 to help this conviction. John 18:36 states what Jesus said when he was being investigated before the Roman ruler Pilate, â€Å" ‘My realm is no piece of this world, [because in the event that it is] my specialists would have battled that I ought not be conveyed up to the Jews. But†¦ my realm isn't from this source† (New World Bible, 1984, p. 1356). This obviously shows natural realms of any administration element don't merit most extreme dedication since they won't have the option to give everlasting salvation (N. Sarmiento, 2008). What's more, Witnesses keep away from blood transfusion at any expense. Keeping away from blood is expressed in Acts 15:28, 29 The Essence of God and we ourselves [the overseeing body of the Christian congregation] have supported adding no further weight to you, aside from these vital things, to shield from going without things yielded to symbols and from blood and from things choked and from sex. On the off chance that you cautiously keep yourselves from these things, you will prosper†¦ (New World Bible, 1984, p. 1383). Notice that blood is in a similar classification as worshipful admiration and sex. Accordingly, [i]n God's eyes, our doing that [abstaining from blood] is as significant as our keeping away from excessive admiration and sexual immorality†¦ w]e are astute, at that point, to place our trust in the rightness of God's law†¦ [Witnesses] are certain that the Creator of blood recognizes what is best for them† (Watchtower, 2005, p. 130-131). Along these lines, the gravity of the issue is viewed as an intense offense once it is submitted. Also, the main legitimate utilization of blood is to make amends for one's transgressions. Leviticus 17:11 states, â€Å"For the spirit of the substance is in the blood, and I myself have put it upon the special raised area for you to make expiation for your spirits, since the blood makes atonement†¦ † (New World Bible, 1984, p. 159). Thus, Israelites used to forfeit creature blood to make up for their transgressions. In prior occasions, individuals have shunned eating creature's blood. Considering this is the situation, what amount all the more so should individuals keep away from human blood? â€Å"Minicius Felix (third century C. E. ) [says that]: ‘So much do we recoil from human blood, that we don't utilize the blood even of palatable creatures in our food. ‘† (Watchtower, 1989, p. 72). In this manner, Witnesses reason that In an emergency clinic, when a patient can't eat through his mouth, he is taken care of intravenously. Presently, would an individual who never put blood into his mouth yet who acknowledged blood by transfusion truly be complying with the order to ‘keep declining from†¦ blood'? Acts 15:29) To utilize an examination, consider a man who is told by the specialist that he should keep away from liquor. Would he be dutiful on the off chance that he stopped drinking liquor yet had it put straightforwardly into his vein? (Watchtower, 1989, p. 73). Witn esses adhere to their feelings since they follow what the good book says. Along these lines, they esteem that â€Å"beliefs and practices of genuine religion are not founded on human perspectives and custom. They start in God's roused Word, the Bible† (Watchtower, 2005, p. 146). Additionally, by watching God’s word they realize that they will increase everlasting life and will be there to be separated of God’s Kingdom. This is an engaging idea to them on the grounds that in God’s Kingdom â€Å"humans will no longer become ill and die†¦ under Kingdom rule they will have the option to live until the end of time. The earth will be made into paradise† (Watchtower, 2005, p. 84). Similarly significant is that Witnesses don't submit to well known thoughts about the spirit. In view of examination, Witnesses discovered that the soul’s â€Å"immortality† began with the â€Å"Babylonians [who] accepted that people have an interminable soul that endures the body after death and can endure in a position of torment† (Watchtower, 2005, p. 52). Concerning the idea of heck, sacred writings, for example, the one in Ezekiel 18:4 notices that â€Å"†¦The soul that is erring it itself will die† (New World Bible, 1984, p. 1079). Romans 6: 23 additionally states â€Å"The compensation sin pays is death†¦ † (New World Bible, 1984, p. 1411). What's more, 1 The ssalonian 1:8-9 says â€Å"those who don't comply with the uplifting news about ou

United State foreign policy towards Middle East Essay

Joined State international strategy towards Middle East - Essay Example US has been blamed for having conflicting and disjointed international strategy towards Middle East. The connection of United States government and the Middle East can be dated to a thousand years and since this period it has utilized different international strategies in this locale. Oren concedes that the America’s inability all things considered and legitimate about its own thought processes, as much as its sequential inability to decipher the Middle East as regularly perplexed relations with the district (Oren,pp.341). This paper investigates the purposes behind United States conflicting international strategy towards Middle East with a nearby reference to the course reading force, confidence, and dream: America in the Middle East 1776 to introduce. Battling Threat from Middle East and Adjacent Regions. The danger presented by Saddam Hussein in Iraq was fantastical and not genuine until the American powers hit the ground there. US through its international strategy try to shield itself from Middle East dangers while simultaneously assisting with protecting the lives of local individuals in the district. For instance United States government has embraced distinctive international strategies in Iran and Iraq and furthermore in Israel and Palestine. The United States international strategy that is pegged on the mainstays of prevention, control and preemptive strikes on psychological warfare and asserted fear based oppression assaults has been conflicting and mixed up in Middle East.It has focused on power and endorses and nonattendance of atomic weapons in Iraq and Iran while at the equivalent utilizing discretion in Israel and Palestine and this has made a somewhat difference and irregularity in the international strategy. (Parmar,pp.204). Quest for National Interest United States international strategy is generally founded on the national intrigue however in the Middle East, the interest envelops covering, clashing and conflicting monetary, political and vital intrigue. Household impacts generally decide the United States international strategy and it is adjusted by the enthusiasm of America and more noteworthy's benefit of humankind. Distinctive political systems in the United States likewise have their international strategy blue prints and this has genuinely prompted the irregularity of these arrangements towards Middle East. For instance Democrats and Republicans have had diverse international strategies towards Middle East once they are in power. There is generally more discussion inside the organization of United States government and the national security on international strategy and it regularly prompts conflicting, incomprehensible and conflicting arrangement towards Middle East. Gracefully of Oil United States has relied upon remote raw petroleum for quite a while and these imports are significantly from Middle East nations. Due to the huge oil saves in the Middle East United States government has created approaches t hat are believed to be conflicting and indiscernible about the district. Taking into account this and the test presented by threatening local populace, United States government has received an undeniably conflicting arrangement with respect to the Middle East area. The international strategies are detailed in a cautious methodology to use acknowledgment from the Middle East masses and over the long haul get steady gracefully of unrefined petroleum. The requirement for secure progression of Middle Eastern oil into the United States economy has prompted unique relationship. The Middle Eastern nations particularly Saudi Arabia has the biggest store of oil saves on the planet and yet they are damaged by precariousness. This insecurity is for the most part brought about by political systems which are dictator. US government through its international strategy is supporting these political systems in the Middle East so as to make sure about steady progression of oil (Rosati and Scott,pp.35 ). Accordingly, the United States government has safeguarded business as usual legislative issues in the Middle East especially in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf sheikdoms. One of the significant explanations behind the conflicting international strategy in the Middle Eas

Open Racism

At the point when I consider is bigotry still alive today, a specific sonnet comes into mind its entitled:â€Å"Racism Is Around Me Everywhere†. | â€Å"Of human numbness I am nearly in despair For bigotry is around me wherever But like they state sheer obliviousness is rapture Just like Judas sold out Jesus with a kiss. A few people convey their respect in a banner And of their Nationality they boast They feel predominant and they separate And against the individuals who are diverse they segregate. Such huge numbers of individuals despite everything decided by their race For such there never should be a spot ‘A reasonable go' those untruthful words I do recallThere is no such an unbelievable marvel as a ‘fair go for all'. Despite the fact that we live in an alleged popular government Of bigotry we never will be free They judge you by where you originate from and the shade of your skin For some correspondence and regard appears to be difficult to win. It's been fo r a spell since the times of Martin Luther King His name to it has a natural ring If against prejudice he didn't decide to endeavor Today the extraordinary man he would be alive. Such huge numbers of holding the reins of intensity not profoundly mindful And prejudice is around me all over the place And bigotry just prompts division and war Just demonstrates how oblivious some are. † (Frances Duggar) | |Racism is a conviction held by some that there are qualities and capacities can be credited to individuals just based on their race and that some racial gatherings are better than others. Bigotry and separation have been utilized as amazing weapons empowering apprehension or disdain of others in the midst of contention and war, and in any event, during financial downturns. For individuals all through the world, the appointment of Barak Obama to the U. S. administration appeared to flag in another time, that of the finish of bigotry. Without a doubt, Obama's political race was a groundbreaking event and, one would have trusted, an achievement making progress toward reconciliation.However, some ongoing, extremely unfavorable occasions cast a troubling cloak over the majority rule process in the United States. These occasions calls attention to how bigotry is as yet an issue in the United States. Prejudice happens frequently out of dread. Numerous individuals dread what is distinctive to them and what they don't have the foggiest idea. This thus, makes it startling when you see individuals who appear to be unique than you do and once in a while, you treat those people diversely in light of the fact that you don't have any acquaintance with them. Bigotry happens in various features of society. Schools, the administration and the work environment are in some cases the most noticeably terrible instances of racism.Racism in schools Millions of African American and Latino youngsters in the United States don’t get instruction equivalent to that of most white s, incompletely in light of the fact that the urban schools they go to don’t have as much cash as the schools in the white rural areas. This is on the grounds that the nation has concluded that a significant part of the cash for schools should originate from neighborhood property charges. So in networks where the houses and organizations are more affordable, the schools don’t get enough cash to give great instruction. This is out of line. This is institutional racism.If we financed schools distinctively every understudy, paying little mind to their â€Å"race†, could go to an excellent school that was the equivalent of the schools different understudies join in. The Government Hurricane Katrina: The legislature had known for a considerable length of time that a major tropical storm was probably going to cause perilous flooding in New Orleans. The plans they made didn’t incorporate any approach to get destitute individuals (predominately African Americans) out of the city to wellbeing. At the point when the tempest and the flooding came with Hurricane Katrina in 2005, a significant part of the nation saw on TV that a great many non-white individuals were abandoned in the city without food, water, lodging or safety.The government was unimaginably delayed to safeguard individuals, to give food and cover, and to assist them with modifying their homes. Numerous individuals accept that if those abandoned had been for the most part white individuals the salvage endeavors would have been a lot faster and viable. Prejudice in the Workplace Racism as segregation perseveres in the public eye moreover. An a valid example is that blacks have customarily experienced higher paces of joblessness than whites. In June 2009, dark business was at 15. 3 % contrasted with a 8. 8% joblessness rate for whites. Do blacks essentially not step up to the plate that whites do to discover work?Studies show that, in fact, segregation likely adds to the dark white joblessness hole. (Thompson) Critics will say by what method would racism be able to in any case exists with the appointment of the United States first dark president. Since President Obama took office he has been an ascent of inconspicuous bigotry against our leader. It very well may be found in the supporters of the new â€Å"birthers† development, who work up questions about Obama's citizenship. During the 2008 presidential crusade, there was no driving force to address John McCain’s origin despite the fact that it was normal information that McCain was conceived in Panama; since he is white.The president’s origination ought not have been an issue at everything except yet right up 'til the present time you despite everything have a great deal of Americans who despite everything question his origin. Pundits likewise state with choosing our first minority president, and minorities arriving at more elevated levels of training, acquiring more income and progress ively recognized professions, one may derive that partiality is dead. I fight that it is alive and thriving while at the same time hiding underneath the shadows of figures that normally blow up with the development of a prospering society.If bigotry doesn't exist then what represents â€Å" the wide scope of incongruities that despite everything exist in the public arena, the majority of which show dark Americans with more regrettable results than whites in zones, for example, pay, home possession, wellbeing and employment,† study specialist Samuel Sommers, a clinician at Tufts University, said in an announcement. At the point when most Americans consider bigotry they think about the open prejudice back in the Civil Rights development and during subjugation times when crosses were singed in African-American yards.They think about the KKK when they consider prejudice which was forthright and in your face. The way that the KKK and gatherings, for example, these that despite eve rything exist demonstrate the point that bigotry despite everything happens in the United States. While prejudice may not be as far reaching as in the past, it exists, in actuality. While we like to imagine that those tragic long stretches of bigotry are behind us, it despite everything exists. Today, bigotry is significantly more subtle and less predominant. In any case, we are still reminded that bigotry is fit as a fiddle, and we should keep attempting to get rid of it.Every day in the news there are stories managing the out of line treatment of minorities, ladies, and gays. America is the best nation on the planet due to the open door given to each person and as a result of its consistent battle for equity of all. Any individual, of any race, statement of faith, or religion can prevail with difficult work and assurance. The issue is that the degree of those individual’s achievement is once in a while decided, by the shade of their skin. The race for social fairness is con stant here, however there are still issues with the system.So, tragically prejudice does even now exist today in the United States. References William-White, L. , and White, J. (2011). Shading Marks the Site/Sight of Social Difference: Dysconscious Racism in the â€Å"Age of Obama†. Subjective Inquiry, 17(9), 837. Recovered December 12, 2011, from Research Library. (Report ID: 2495960131). William March. (16 May). Specialist: Evidence shows prejudice contrary to Obama. McClatchy †Tribune Business News,. Recovered December 12, 2011, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Record ID: 2348227321). Thompson Matthew (2011).Does Racism despite everything exist today? Answers from Men. Retrived December 12, 2011 http://www. answersfrommen. com/2011/01/does-bigotry despite everything exist-today/Mosser, K. (2011). A prologue to rationale. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. (https://content. ashford. edu) Pappas Stephanie. (2001) Study: Whites state they are racists’ casualties. Recovered December 12, 2011. http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2011/05/24/scitech/main20065864. shtml http://poemhunter. com/sonnet/bigotry is-around-me-all over the place/http://www. politicususa. com/en/political-prejudice

Japanese Management Essay Example for Free

Japanese Management Essay In the mid 1980s, William Ouchi attested in the U.S. soil the noteworthiness of Theory Z (1981), a Japanese administration style that remembers mutual relationship for associations and solid trust bonds as a progressively viable approach to deal with business as prove by the accomplishment of Japanese corporations.â This has caused the intrigue and gratefulness for the Japanese style of the executives and practices to develop throughout the previous twenty years, particularly those effective Japanese organizations who utilized unordinary approaches (Lee and McCalman, 2008). For Japanese firms, the improvement of good relationship is an early stage intrigue. A Japanese firm may decline to manage another and ink an organization paying little heed to the potential benefits it might pick up from the endeavor. The drive to build up a decent relationship is principally because of the significant guideline called â€Å"tsuikiai† (socialization) (Lee and McCalman, 2008). Distributed relationship is more basic than connection between levels as the Japanese accept that an association draws quality from the previous as opposed to from the last mentioned. Thus, for American directors, it is just ordinary to survey their subordinates dependent on specific measures. Despite what might be expected, Japanese associations will in general evaluate their representatives dependent on their capacity to work with their partners (Byham, 1993). Japanese supervisors get great assessments if their subordinates can function admirably with one another. In that capacity, Japanese firms give more accentuation on the capacity of the representatives to work wit h different representatives and very little on their exhibition. This is because of their conviction that up to a decent relationship is set up inside the association, the association can deal with different issues viably (Lee and McCalman, 2008). For the Japanese, great connections can be created through the accompanying: 1) After work eating drinking meeting As recently referenced, the rule of tsuikiai or socialization permit the Japanese to keep on fusing great connections as a component of their corporate administration style. Obviously, this can be found in their well known act of for the most part eating and drinking meetings among workers after available time (Lee and McCalman, 2008). This is likewise the possibility of the â€Å"communication square concept† wherein the officials meet their workers casually to eat or supper and simultaneously to hear each out other  (Otsubo, 1993). Through such commitment, representatives get the opportunity to be increasingly acquainted with one another away from the four corners of their business premises. This emphatically influences the associations among the workers. This empowers the Japanese associations to make a warm and collective working environment where representatives feel that they can discuss uninhibitedly with everybody (Sullivan, 1992). Such practice isn't the equivalent with Americans where the last would lean toward toâ keep up the division between their own and work life. As indicated by Arenson (1993), the association between U.S. laborers and their organizations are made by composed agreements and the remuneration that the organizations renumerate to their representatives. This praised the perception rendered by  Rehder (1979) that Japanese directors treat their subordinates like their relatives while western managers’ associations with their subordinates are through agreements which makes the relationship depersonalized.â This is in opposition to the conviction of Japanese specialists that they are committed to the organization they are working for in light of the cozy relationship and bond that they have with their organization and this makes shared trust between the representatives and the organization. They in like manner have a feeling of shared concentration to arrive at the objectives of the association. This administration hypothesis has been one of the basic beliefs of Honda from 1980s when they originally settled their activitie s in the United States and this was embraced by Nissan, Mazda and Toyota (Sullivan, 1992). 2) Quite frequently gatherings as opposed to electronic or paper work Americans would want to have everything first on paper before they can follow up on an undertaking. Though Japanese want to do gatherings instead of pass on their messages through messages or doing paper works basically as they detest updates and desk work (Arenson, 1993). As per Lee and McCalman (2008), it is through gatherings that the laborers would start to know one another and decide the things that should be finished. This is generally relevant in situations where there are no agreements or composed records included and through gatherings, the representatives can worke on issues they have to take care of (Lee and McCalman, 2008). 3) Informal organized understandings versus lawful understandings Before an American organization would manage another undertaking, it isn't required that the two organizations build up a decent relationship. It doesn't make a difference if an organization would manage a contender given that the two organizations would increase shared advantage. As a conviction that all is good, American organizations need to utilize innumerable legal advisors and execute various agreements before setting matters off. As a pre-imperative, everything should be spread out on paper before anything is begun (Lee and McCalman, 2008). The mindset in America is that everything is represented by laws to ensure that individuals included realize what is determined to the line (Arenson, 1993). It is conventional for organizations to manage outsiders and simply build up a relationship during their endeavor (Lee and McCalman, 2008). This isn't the situation for Japanese organizations as they require creating individual connections before they execute with different business elements. This is a result of their conviction that it is significant that a believing connection between two organizations is created before considering to have business ventureâ (Lee and McCalman, 2008). In Japan, there is less reliance on the laws and rather, increasingly premium is set in building up a confiding in relationship before going into a business exchange. Not at all like Americans that want to settle everything in a lawful manner or execute contracts first, Japanese are known to have sound contempt for attorneys and legitimate or composed activities. What's more, not normal for the Americans that would utilize legal counselors and execute contracts before the exchange, Japanese abhorrence being compelled to bargain due to the agreements and in the process may simply overlook a few arrangements thereto. They accept that the ci rcumstances will have changed in the wake of marking the agreement (Lee and McCalman, 2008). Actually, the two nations have a major distinction in the quantity of legal advisors as in the United States, there are more than 800,000 legal advisors when contrasted with Japan that has 15,000 legal counselors in particular (Arenson, 1993). In addition, Japanese would like to invest more energy associating with their potential client or provider before they would submit themselves  (Otsubo, 1993). 4) Networking-individual contacts Japan relies upon systems administration as their general public is a lot of a relationship-arranged one. Japanese would complete things however their own contacts. For them, a man’s achievement or disappointment could be legitimately influenced by their associations that the individual has created throughout the years. Indeed, a recently graduated Japanese would nearly rely solely upon their associations through college or from individual associations with land an occupation. That is the reason there is a high likelihood that the organization scouts would employ candidates originating from a similar college as theirs as a result of the extraordinary association that is existing between the enrollment specialists and the college workforce and staff. This is the thing that Japanese called â€Å"jinmyaku† or the trap of people. Any inside or outer endeavor to the organization is practiced through close to home contacts (Lee and McCalman, 2008). It is then standard for a representative to create broad individual system inside and outside the association to ensure their prosperity rate particularly that a person’s ability relies additionally upon the breadth of the systems the individual may have  (Kase and Liu, 1996). Such mindset may influence the perspectives of the Japanese of not working with outsiders. Through creating individual contacts requires significant investment, when the systems have been made, everything is a lot simpler as there isn't a lot of administrative work and legal advisors included. This guideline makes it progressively hard for remote organizations to infiltrate Japan (Lee and McCalman, 2008). Japanese associations would incline toward recruiting someone who has an association thereto on the grounds that recruiting another worker resembles inviting a long lasting individual from the corporate family. An individual going after a job in an organization by reason of a promotion is viewed as a complete outsider. All things considered, there is a likelihood that Japanese organizations may take care of the individual qualities of a candidate instead of their specialized characteristics (Lee and McCalman, 2008).â It is fundamental for an association to guarantee that the individual to be employed is a cooperative person and will mix well inside the gathering. This is interestingly with U.S. organizations as they want to take a gander at the specialized traits of the candidates and exceptionally depend on grade-point midpoints and explicit qualifications or skills (Lee and McCalman, 2008). Systems administration does some amazing things in situations where a chief attempts to di spatch another undertaking and the venture isn't generally inside the mastery of the concerned division, supervisors that have a settled system inside the association could utilize their associations with convince their partners to help their tasks and furthermore utilize these associations outside the association to help make the venture effective (Kase and Liu, 1996). Japanese assembling organizations had the option to underwrite in their customized organizing framework that they had the option to set up when they internationalized their tasks during the late 1970s and 1980s. The customized systems created between their administrative centers and auxiliaries made the progression of the I

Does Living in a Same Sex Home Effect How a Child Will Grow Up

Winters 1 Jynai Winters 16 November 2012 Psychology 100 Sabrina Does Same-Sex child rearing influence a kid? I pick this point since I love kids and I don't care to see kids harming. I additionally pick it since I generally thought about whether it had any kind of effect if a youngster experiences childhood in a hetero home or living in gay home.Another motivation behind why I decide to do this theme is on the grounds that many individuals accept that gay guardians are not fit to rise their kids on the off chance that they originate from a hetero relationship in any case, they don't have any verification that they are unfit for child rearing their kids and individuals don't care for the way that a kid is growing up around gay movement and they likewise accept that in the event that they grow up with a gay parent that they won't have decision about their sexuality.The most punctual known thought regarding formative brain research was introduced by Jean Jacques Rousseau around the late eighteenth century. Formative brain science contemplates the human development and improvement that happens all through the whole life expectancy. A great many people that reviews this field centers around one phase of advancement. There are seven phases of life that they could look over; they are Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Other Adults and Developmental Disabilities. To turn into a therapist you should acquire a Bachelors qualification in psychology.However you should have a Master's or doctoral before you begin filling in as an analyst. Most clinicians regularly work in schools and learning focuses. They could likewise work in medical clinics, mental offices and nursing homes. They are even a couple of clinicians that work at schools and for the administration as instructors or to do perform inquire about. Winters 2 A formative therapist pay relies upon their preparation, geographic area and the work setting. Normally clinician make somewh ere in the range of $69,007 and $90,326 a year.There are additionally those not many that make more than $101,088 every year. As an analyst a portion of their undertaking will included assessing youngsters to decide whether they have a formative inability, researching how language abilities are gained, concentrating how good thinking creates in kids lastly investigating approaches to enable older people to stay autonomous. Most developmentalists study and research logical impacts that effect change, for example, financial conditions, culture, and genetics.There are numerous different changes that developmentalists study which are family, child rearing style, separate, companions, religion physical and mental maltreatment and instructive levels. My examination will concentrate on the Boswell versus Boswell instance of 1998, the Bottoms versus Bottoms instance of 1995 and furthermore the Huggins meeting of 1989. I will likewise discuss the Wainright, Russell, and Patterson 2004 examin ation, the King and Black investigation of 1994, the MacCallum and Golombok of 2004, Vanfraussen investigation of 2002, the Fulcher of 2008, lastly the Patterson investigation of 1992 and 2000.The first investigation I will discuss is Huggins' 1989 and O'Connell of 1993. The little collection of research that has concentrated on immature posterity of families headed by same-sex couples incorporates Huggins' (1989) investigation of 36 young people (13â€19 years old, 18 with separated from hetero moms and 18 with separated from lesbian moms), which announced no distinctions in juvenile confidence as an element of moms' sexual direction. In another early examination, O'Connell (1993) considered 11 youngsters and ladies, 16â€23 years old, were the posterity of separated or isolated lesbian mothers.Participants communicated solid love, faithfulness, and defense toward their moms and a longing for others to comprehend the advantages of having a lesbian mother. Members, in any case, additionally Winters 3 depicted worries about losing companions, and some portrayed endeavors to control data about their moms' sexual direction. These two examinations were about how the youngster felt after their folks separated. The Huggins' examination detailed that the youngsters that they had no distinction in their self-esteem.While the O’Connell study announced that the kids indicated solid love, dependability and defense towards their mother's. In any case, the two investigations indicated that the kids lost companions and a few youngsters even attempted to shroud their mom's sexual direction. Wainright, Russell, and Patterson (2004) announced an investigation of family and relationship factors from one viewpoint, and juvenile individual and social change on the other. They contemplated alteration in an example of 44 youngsters (12â€18 years old) with same-sex guardians and a coordinated example of 44 adolescents with other gender parents.On a scope of psychosocia l results including burdensome indications, uneasiness, and school change, Wainright and her associates found no noteworthy contrasts as a component of family type same-sex or other gender guardians. Among their discoveries they found that there were no critical impacts for family type on juvenile reports of sexual conduct or sentimental connections. Wainright and her partners did, notwithstanding, find noteworthy relationship between parental view of parentâ€adolescent relationship quality and juvenile school adjustment.Similar discoveries were accounted for misconduct, substance use, and exploitation by Wainright and Patterson (2006). The Wainright, Russell, and Patterson study discusses family and relationship versus pre-adult individual and social change. The outcomes to the examination was that there was no noteworthy distinction as a capacity as a family, there was likewise no critical impact for the family type with sexual conduct or sentimental relationship. Be that as it may, they found that there was distinction between parental discernment and school modification. Winters 4The barely any negative discoveries for kids with two moms were dubious. Instructors in a Belgian report (Vanfraussen et al. , 2002) announced more consideration and conduct issues for such kids (about a half standard deviation distinction), however this didn't coordinate educators' evaluations of the kids' alteration, and neither the kids nor their moms agreed. A second increasingly conceivable finding was that such kids revealed being prodded about their families more, however this addresses social objection to their folks' sexual personality as opposed to their gender.Researchers reliably find that youngsters with lesbian guardians battle with homophobia among their friends, yet differ about whether these kids endure additionally prodding generally speaking or if the prodding centers around their folks' sexual character (Bos et al. , 2008; Tasker ; Golombok, 1997; Wainright ; Patterson, 2008). The main clear negative finding showed up in the primary flood of the UK investigation of bastard families portrayed above (Golombok et al. , 1997).Six-year-old kids in mother-just families (regardless of whether lesbian or hetero) portrayed themselves as less capable truly and subjectively than their friends (0. 75 SD averaging the two), however the distinction vanished when the youngsters were met again 6 years after the fact (MacCallum ; Golombok, 2004). Since this investigation didn't control for the quantity of guardians in mother-just families, it couldn't assist us with deciding if the nonattendance of a male parent or just of a subsequent parent added to the lower confidence the more youthful youngsters expressed.The Vanfraussen investigation of 2002 was one of the two examinations that show that the kids will act up in the event that they live with a gay parent. Be that as it may, when asked by the instructors they said the kid is a decent kid and doesn' t act up, they asked their parent as well and they offer a similar response. So this examination is definitely not a great report on the grounds that their outcomes proved something contrary to what they expressed. Should a parent’s sexual personality be viewed as significant in choosing a child’s best Winters 5 enthusiasm, for reasons for youngster guardianship and visitation?Answers to this inquiry have indicated colossal changeability starting with one locale then onto the next. In certain states, for example, Massachusetts and California, parental sexual direction is viewed as immaterial to guardianship and appearance questions. In these states, an association, or nexus, must be exhibited between a parent’s sexual direction, from one perspective, and a negative result for the kid, on the other. Since an association of this sort can be hard to set up, nexus rules have regularly brought about decisions great for lesbian and gay parents.For case, in Boswell v. Boswell (1998), a Maryland appearance case, the court would not constrain children’s appearance with their gay dad within the sight of his equivalent sex accomplice in light of the fact that there was no proof of mischief to the youngsters from such appearance. The Boswell versus Boswell instance of 1998 a dad was restricted to see his kids as a result of his sexuality, so he prosecuted his better half and the adjudicator concurred with him on the grounds that there was no proof that the youngster would be hurt as a result of their dad's sexuality. In an authority case including a lesbian mother ( Bottoms v.Bottoms, 1995), for instance, the Virginia Supreme Court repeated its previous holding that a lesbian mother isn't unfit as an issue of law yet incorporated the mother’s sexual direction among factors considered to make her a bothersome parent. In this manner, in certain states, lesbian and gay guardians must beat formal or casual assumptions that their sexual perso nalities make them not exactly perfect guardians. With the instance of Bottoms versus Bottoms the adjudicator concurred in the kindness of the mother since her sexuality didn't make her unfit parent, it simply made her a bothersome parent.I know has nothing to do with a kid yet I simply needed to show how a parent is once in a while viewed as an unfit parent as a result of their sexuality. Regarding this inclination, Patterson, who might later fill in as sole creator of the Winters 6 2005 APA Brief’s â€Å"Summary of Research Findings on Lesbian and Gay Families†, revealed: Despite the assorted variety of gay and l

Virtual Reality Learning

Virtual Reality Learning Virtual reality (VR) learning is all the rage in modern education. This technique not only transforms the traditional classroom into a unique interactive learning environment but also shifts the learning focus from simply memorising facts to visual and auditory experiences. If you want to know more about the technology that promises to change education forever, take a look at our info sheet! Learning is supposed to be fun yet the monotony of a traditional classroom could make even the most diligent students yawn. VR learning creates an interactive digital environment for each student. This means that instead of sleepily taking lecture notes, students are able to take a walk in a virtual ancient Rome or study detailed 3D models of internal combustion engines. Another key benefit of VR is its adaptability. The technology has seen great success in history and geography classes. More than 40% of all students in the UK have displayed higher learning performance for these subjects after VR had been implemented. However, VR learning is by no means limited to only two courses. You could transform the VR environment for any topic ranging from trigonometry to biology. A common misconception about VR is that implanting this technology is costly. With the majority of smartphones on the market having VR capabilities, you could simply make makeshift goggles from a piece of cardboard with a smartphone display. In fact, such a solution is employed by many schools in the UK via the Bring Your Own Device initiative. Schools don’t have to invest millions to make VR work and students are able to use familiar gadgets. It’s a win-win! One of the key problems facing education is the lack of opportunities for practice. After all, it’s a bit difficult to show how nuclear fusion works without facing a slight risk of radiation exposure. Having a virtual classroom to display whatever you want whenever you want it means that students learn by doing instead of copying notes from books or googling answers. It’s a well-known fact that stronger emotions typically provoke better responses from memory centres inside the brain. That said, traditional education can be a bit emotionless with its strict requirements. VR circumvents this problem entirely by forming better aural and visual connections between the learning material and the students’ own experiences. Using VR also means providing teachers with more opportunities to express their creative approaches to education. Gone are the days of writing everything on a blackboard, doing long PowerPoint presentations and paraphrasing books. With many VR apps having accessible software toolsets, teachers are able to quickly and easily create memorable material for their students. This not only improves educational outcomes but also addresses issues such as teacher burnout. Â   With 63% of all VR demand being education-related, it’s easy to see why this technology could be the most important development in recent academic history. By creating impactful, measurable and adaptable learning platforms, VR is an innovation that has been embraced by both teachers and students. Be sure to try it!

The Science Review Article Chronicles

The Science Review Article Chronicles A PRISMA systematic review needs to be in a position to defy the scrutiny when the reported is employed in clinical practice. By showing you the way to compose your very first serious review, you are going to be introduced to a world you may have thought falls outside your skill collection. Bit defender is instantly fast and gives a secure network. Feedback is of the utmost importance to writing a great review, and ought to be sought from a number of colleagues, in order to get a diversity of views on the draft. In addition to selecting your subject, it's also advisable to pick a target audience. There are an endless number of situations where swearing is inappropriate at work. If you own a thirst for scientific understanding, there are lots of sites that can begin to quench that thirst. Writing a review article is a fantastic method to come up with and exercise your scientist skill collection. It compiles the results of many differen t studies on a topic into an overview of that field. All Science Journals need to be somewhat specific when it comes to publishing original, peer-reviewed, and higher high quality research works. Articles tend to be very technical, representing the most recent theoretical research and experimental effects in the area of science covered by the journal. The Fight Against Science Review Article The quantity of work necessary to compose a scientific literature review has to be considered before starting one since the tasks required can overwhelm many in case the working process isn't the very best. There is apparently something about green jelly beans The urge to obtain a correlation is strong. Bear in mind it is in the light of the prior review of the pre-trial registration. On the 1 hand, if you take several years to choose, several different folks may have had the exact idea meanwhile. Science Review Article Options All manuscripts must incorporate an Availability of informa tion and materials' statement. Also included is information for what document elements you are able to increase the manuscript and the way you need to do so, along with information about what to submit and in what format. Furthermore, the procedure for selecting studies ought to be stated together with the info on data extraction. If authors fake their data very cleverly, for instance, then it might be hard to detect. You should consist of enough information your readers will have the ability to locate these sources by themselves. ScienceDaily is among the most popular science news websites on the internet and covers breaking scientific news and the newest scientific discoveries. Most journals are highly specialized, even though some of the oldest journals like Nature publish articles and scientific papers across a broad range of scientific fields. What Does Science Review Article Mean? Scientific progress depends upon the communication of information which can be trusted, and the peer review procedure is a crucial portion of that system. The publication of the outcomes of research is a crucial portion of the scientific method. Conducting scientific and clinical research is simply the start of the scholarship of discovery. Science now provides the chance for cross-review. Using Science Review Article May use funnel plot to evaluate completeness. In the event the article you desire isn't free, it's offered as a pay-per-view choice. It is possible to also comply with the website on Twitter. There is not an easy answer1. If you would just like to understand how to remain current with the literature, that's an individual post which I wrote several decades ago. If you're proposing a research topic with a sizable amount of previously published work already in place, the prospect of delivering a superb literature review can appear to be a daunting task so many books and articles with all these citations! The author contends that whether you're al ready a little business proprietor or wish to be one you don't will need to go it alone. If you're a student of Malcolm Gladwell, you know that it sometimes happens in a blink. The function of the funding body in the plan of the analysis and collection, analysis, and interpretation of information and in writing the manuscript ought to be declared. Distilling a number of data from experiments accomplished by scientists all over the world into a coherent story turned out to be somewhat satisfying. To put it differently, the collision data might only be a statistical anomaly that could disappear once more results arrive in. Typically ends in hypothesis or model. Understanding Science Review Article 1 form is the on-line equivalent of the traditional paper journal. The idea of review article'' is distinct from the idea of peer-reviewed literature. The intention of a review paper is to succinctly review recent progress in a specific topic. Cite frequently to be able to steer cl ear of any plagiarism. Detecting a review article is comparatively easy, even though it varies slightly based on what database you're using. Utilizing index cards, students may write the vocab word on a single side and the definition on the opposite. Use short as opposed to long sentences. At length, use citations to your advantage. In general, the paper summarizes the present state of knowledge of the topic. You'll also start to hate the post. Learn the fundamentals and you will speed by means of this report. Reading a review article can spare you time and provide you with a more well-rounded and coherent comprehension of your topic. So, provided that it doesn't look done, just continue working on it. Generally speaking, finding published information starts with a search. Health information particularly, now the most typical sort of information online, suffers from poor excellent control, leading the typical consumer with an excessive amount of information of too low qu ality. Seeks to recognize major items in the area. The Science Review Article Stories Clear communication of the findings of research is vital to the increase and maturation of science3 and expert practice. Literature reviews narrow the present knowledge on a specific area and examine the newest publications' strengths and weaknesses. Quantitative conclusions have to be based on truly quantitative approaches.

Verbs Followed by Infinitive

Many verbs are followed immediately by the infinitive form of the verb. Other verbs are followed by the gerund form of the verb. Finally, other verbs are followed by a noun, noun phrase or pronoun and then the infinitive. All of these verbs follow no specific rules and must be memorized. You can practice your knowledge once youve reviewed this sheet, as well as the other verb pattern reference lists by taking these quizzes: Verb Form - Gerund or Infinitive Quiz 1 Verb Form - Gerund or Infinitive Quiz 2 Gerund or Infinitive? An Interactive Reference Chart and Quiz The following list provides verbs that are immediately followed by the infinitive form of another verb (verb to do). Each verb followed by the infinitive is followed by two example sentences to provide context. affordI cant afford to go on vacation this summer.Can you afford to buy that sweater?agreeI agreed to help him with the problem.Do you think he would agree to take the test again?appearHe appears to think Im crazy!They appear to be available tomorrow.arrangeI arranged to spend the week in New York.Mary arranges to meet everyone each time.askShe asked to do the job.Franklin will ask to be promoted.begShelley begged to be released as soon as possible.The minister begged to donate as much as possible.careDo you care to spend some time with me?Tom doesnt care to ask any more questions.claimconsentWe consented to adopt the measure in the next year.Sherry will consent to marry you. Im sure!dareThose kids wont dare to break into that house.She often dares to break convention.decideIm going to decide to appoint the teacher next week.Mary and Jennifer decided to purchase an old house to fix up.demandThe protesters demanded to see the president about the economy.The client demanded to speak wi th his lawyer before making a statement.deserveI think Jane deserves to get the promotion.Our boss deserves to be fired!expectTom expects to finish the job soon.The students expect to receive their grades before the end of the day.failSusan never fails to mention that she knows the president personally.You shouldnt fail to mail in the form by the end of the week.forget - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.I think Peter forgot to lock the door before he left home.We seldom forget to do our homework, but last week was an exception.hesitateI hesitate to mention this, but dont you think ...Doug hesitated to tell us about his plan.hopeI hope to see you soon!He had hoped to have more success before he lost the election.learnHave you ever learned to speak another language?Our cousins are going to learn to mountain climb on vacation.manageTed managed to get his work done on time.Do you think well manage to persuade Susan to come with us?meanTim certa inly meant to finish the job on time.They mean to do business here in town.needMy daughter needs to finish her homework before she can come out and play.They needed to fill out a number of forms in order to purchase the house.offerJason offered to give Tim a hand with his homework.She offers to help students whenever they have a question.planOur class plans to put on a play next semester.Im planning to visit you when Im in New York next month.prepareOur teachers are preparing to give us a test today.The politicians prepared to debate the issues on television.pretendI think he is pretending to be interested in the subject.She pretended to enjoy the meal, even though she didnt think it was good.promiseYes, I promise to marry you!Our coach promised to give us next Friday off if we win the game.refuseThe students refused to quiet down at the assembly.I think you should refuse to do that job.regret - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.I regret to tell you that it is not possible.The officer regretted to inform the citizens of the horrific facts about the case.remember - NOTE: This verb can also be followed by the gerund with a change in meaning.Did you remember to lock the doors?I hope Frank remembered to telephone Peter about the appointment.seemIt seems to be a beautiful day outside!Did he seem to be nervous?struggleThe boys struggled to understand the concepts presented in the lesson.I sometimes struggle to stay concentrated when Im on the job.swearDo you swear, to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?Alice swore to help in any way possible.threatenChris threatened to call the police.The owner will threaten to kick you out if you dont stop making noise.volunteerId like to volunteer to judge the competition.Sarah volunteered to take Jim to the piano lesson.waitIm waiting to hear from Tom.She waited to eat until he arrived.wantJack wants to help everyone with the new concepts.The principal wanted to pu t on a teacher workshop.wishI wish to see you soon.Franklin wished to come and visit last month. More Verb Pattern Reference Lists: Verbs followed by the gerund - Verb Ing Verbs followed by a (pro)noun plus the infinitive - Verb (Pro)Noun Infinitive Verbs followed by the infinitive - Verb Infinitive

Essay on “Ethics and true and fair view in financial reporting”

Essay on â€Å"Ethics and true and fair view in financial reporting† Financial reporting Financial reporting according to Pervan et al. (2010) is presenting all the relevant financial information of a business in a structured way for easy comprehension. A look at Tesco’s financial statements, there is a clear indication that that it is specifically aimed at impressing the shareholders(Tesco, 2012). The company may be giving true and accurate information but the focus is on creating benefit to stakeholders involved including customers and shareholders. For instance, the review by the chief executive focuses on strengthening the company for the future and there are numerous illustrations that show the company’s impressive performance and organizational culture(Tesco, 2012). Just like in many other company reports, too much focus is laid on the positive outcomes about the company’s operations. According to Hardin (2002), this is a common way for corporate to use financial reporting as a means of hiding behind formalities(Hardin, 2002). Financial reporting is not only crucial to the companies that send out the report but also to public agencies, competitors, business partners, consumers and investors who receive and use the reports. Enderlie (2004) says that during reporting, companies portray and explicitly convey an image of their philosophies and activities to the public. He further says that the companies use reporting as a means to enhance their reputation and be accountable for their activities and objectives. With regards to the recipients of the report, Enderlie says that they need some truthful information to base their decision on and to hold the corporations accountable(Enderlie, 2004). This further implies that financial reports cannot primarily be designed for shareholders alone. Companies cannot make an assumption that shareholders are finance specialists or the industry. It is for this reason that other users such as banks, customers, suppliers, governments, and employees have to be considered during preparation of the report. There is a lot of vested interest from all these recipients. Other authors such as Albert (2002) agree with these assertions of Enderlie (2004). Albert even goes ahead to cite examples of cases that support the importance of ethics in financial reporting. For instance, the collapse of Enron was due to unethical practices in financial reporting. The free market policy is basically made possible by the ability of stakeholders to properly evaluate the financial disclosures of companies(Criado-jimà ©nez, et al., 2008). The accuracy of the information presented in the financial reports is not supposed to be subjected to individual evaluation by stakeholders. However, the interpretation of the information in the reports is subject to individual evaluation(Enderlie, 2004). Aims of financial reporting There are several aims of financial reporting identified by scholars. Frecka (2008) says that financial reporting is useful in identifying the economic resources of a company. The reports can also be used to identify the claims to economic resources of a company and the impact that circumstances, events, and transactions will have on the identified resources(Ionescu, 2010). Potential and existing investors and creditors are among the group of focus in financial reporting. This is because they use the statements to assess the uncertainty, timing, and amount of cash inflows to a company(Jo Kim, 2008). In addition, financial reporting is useful to both potential and existing creditors and investors for making important decisions relating to investment and credits(Frecka, 2008). The role of ethics in financial reporting According to surveys conducted by Gallup, there is evidence of dishonesty by business people in the corporate world. Compared to other sectors, the poll showed that business people have a 25 percent level of honoring ethical practices in their reporting(Marx Els, 2009). This is quite a low figure. Gibson (2002) says that it is likely that such polls are discriminating and biased against corporations. However, the one thing that makes them to be more accurate and significant is the fact that they are individually reviewed(Gibson, 2002). Because of the numerous concerns about the accuracy and comprehensiveness of corporate financial reporting, analysts have always sought to answer the question whether corporations use financial reporting to hide behind their formalities or represent a true substance of their performance(Palmrose Saul, 2001). Ethics in financial reporting therefore refers to the standards and requirements of trust and transparency by auditors, certifiers, corporate, and any other individual who uses the financial reports. According to Staubus (2005), little attention was given to truthfulness and honesty in reporting before the occurrence of the major scandals of Enron and Andersen in the US. Staubus notes that the reports were believed to be accurate because ofthey were subjected to auditing by publicly recognized auditors. But the point is that auditors can also take part in unethical practices in financial reporting. He therefore notes that the ethics of reporting is a serious problem witnessed by professionals within the financial sector(Zeff, 2003). The problem is not only concentrated in the US but also in companies from other regions such as Europe(Blake, et al., 1996). Trust and truthfulness of financial reporting is argued to be very complex and that it takes more than just decisions and actions of accounting professionals and corporate executives to enforce ethical practices in reporting(Xu, et al., 2007). Even though the cited cases of Enron and Andersen indicated that the problem lied at the micro level or the individual level of all aspect of a company, it would still be unfair to lay blame on individuals(Jo Kim, 2008). The macro level or the regulatory level can also be considered since it plays a significant role in preventing unethical practices in reporting. Importance of ethics It is important to have ethical standards in financial management as well as reporting because issues to do with finances can sometimes make professionals do strange things(Stolowy Breton, 2004). Most of the applications used in accounting and finance are designed in such a way that organizations and their constituents can use them to their benefits. This makes it possible for accounting and finance professionals to move around numbers in all different ways just to ensure they add up in a particular manner(Roychowdbury, 2006). In response to such kind of practices, companies have to adopt ethics in financial management so that they can have a source of guidance. Without the moral barometer, cases of mismanagement and unethical practices in reporting will remain to be witnessed. Frecka (2008) says that without considering ethical standards in reporting, it is hard to create limitations or boundaries to corporate culture. With the nature of accounting, management decisions about statements and financial reports become necessary. Management decisions impact reporting and cause it to range from fraud to high quality reporting at both extreme ends of the spectrum(Rockness Rockness, 2005). This implies that some management decisions during financial reporting can be regarded as unethical but not fraudulent(Kalbers, 2009). The three ethics models that are commonly used in management decision include deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. When considering the Kant’s deontological approach to ethical decision making, the results or consequences of action has little significance in establishing what is right or wrong(Nandi, 2006). This implies that the consequences of unethical practices in financial reporting have very little significance of determining whether the practices are moral or immoral. In this view, the end is not related to the means used to reach the end and the results cannot be used to justify the means. Therefore, Kant argues that the bottom line is to maintain the standards of morality irrespective of the outcome(Nandi, 2006). When it comes to financial reporting, as long as a company meets the standards of reporting, the outcome does not matter. The other model of ethical decision making is utilitarianism which gives considerations to the consequences of an action. Essentially, this approach requires individuals to only do the actions that have the best results. According to Ugleitta (2001), in order for an individual to act morally, he or she has to choose the actions that bring the best outcome. Therefore, if an individual is aware that the outcome or consequence of one action is better compared to those of another action, common sense should dictate that the individual chooses the one with the best outcome. Utilitarianism can be used in making financial decision in organizations(Bok, 1999). Lastly, according to virtue ethics model, a lot of emphasis is laid on moral characters or virtues. It contrasts with deontological approach which emphasizes on rules or duties and utilitarian approach which emphasizes on the consequences of an action. Supposing it is obvious that accounting professionals should always give true and accurate information during reporting, a virtue ethicists will point out to the fact it is good to be honest. According to the utilitarian model, the argument will be based on the fact that giving truthful information has consequences beneficial to many people; while deontologists will argue that giving truthful information honors rules and standards of morality despite the outcome(Nandi, 2006). Trust and transparency are the most basic aspects in proper financial reporting. Looking at this from the angle of utilitarianism, finance managers have to be aware that the trust and transparency will bring the best positive and beneficial outcome in reporting. The benefits of transparency and trust will be felt by the company as well as every other recipient of financial reporting. The confidence of shareholders, employees, governments, banks, suppliers, and customers to companies will increase(Pervan, et al., 2010). On the contrary, if financial managers decide to engage in unethical practices during reporting, the outcome will be detrimental to all the stakeholders involved as well as the company. Some of the cases cited as examples of compromised ethical standards in finance reporting provided by Albert (2002) include: the case of IBM, Global Crossing, and Enron. True and fair view in financial reporting True and fair view in financial reporting has been a subject to debate by many financial analysts with regards to their usefulness, importance, and meaning. In addition, the general accepted principles of accounting have also been subjected to debate. According to Kirk (2001), true and fair view in financial reporting is closely associated with judgment. He distinguishes the true and fair view from the general accepted accounting principles and says that the latter tends to be rule based as there are established standards expected to be followed. Kirk points out that there is no specific definition in true and fair judgment in financial accounting. This therefore allows users to make professional judgment and find meaning of the phrase ‘true and fair’ through usage(Blake, et al., 1996). Interpretation of accounting statements requires fairness and truth in order for the information presented within the statements to be reliable. Assets and liabilities reported in financi al statements have to have a one to one relationship with the quantities they purport to measure(Blake, et al., 1996). What is considered to be true and fair, can only be established through professional judgment. The intention behind the use of this view is associated with the wider moral stances within the society. The view makes an attempt to balance between the abuse and use of power during reporting by providing judgment based on legal standards. Several scholars have agreed to the fact that both the terms truth and fair do not have precise definition(Blake, et al., 1996). For instance, truth has a nature to be either absolute or relative. However, despite this fact, the concept of truth has been applied in accounting and research. The concept of fairness has also been described to be very open. It varies in several degrees and subjected to individual interpretation and application. Scholars, and analysts also agree to the fact that time and place can be factor that causes both truth and fairness to vary(Blake, et al., 1996). It is for this reason that one cannot be surprised when such varying patterns are witnessed during financial reporting. The concept of true and fair view is therefore a very slippery one when relating it in accounting and financial reporting. Circumstances can actually be used to give meaning to the concept rather than the definition of the concept. According to (Jo Kim, 2008), in order for financial managers to achieve a true a fair judgment in their reporting, they have to present data both in a manner that is easily understood by others and a manner that is impartial. This is however in contrast to the definition of fairness by other authors, who tend to describe the concept as applying judgment to rules and standards which are already established. Instead of being neutral to matters that raise different interest, it is only fair if one follows the rules. Other authors have also leaned more towards the general accepted accounting principles to be the description of truth and fair(Blake, et al., 1996). Hence, when the accounting principles are applied consistently, it will amount to true and fair judgment. From the discussion of the concept of true and fair view in application of accounting theory and general reporting, it is clear that financial reports go against the three ethical models. Both fairness and truth are considered to be relative, abstract, and subject to individual interpretation. Circumstances and time can be used to determine application of financial standards during reporting. The model of utilitarianism may fail to apply during financial reporting because the outcome does not matter. The concept of fairness and truth allows different circumstances to determine whether to apply standards of financial reporting. The Tesco financial statement 2012 uses the model of utilitarianism where a lot of consideration is given to the outcome of the accounting practices. The company focuses on ensuring that the financial reporting brings benefit to all the stakeholders involved.

Marriage Success and The Psychology Behind It - 1235 Words

Marriage Success and the Psychology behind it What are the effects of 1) parental marriage status and 2) attitudes towards marriage, on marriage success? SPECIFIC AIMS By analyzing an individual’s parental marital status and through observing individuals in the course of adolescent dating and/or young adult marriage, one can measure the attitudes and expectations concerning marriage. Young adults who have either came from a home of divorced parents or an intact family will affect the attitude toward marital relationships and the value of them. Whether the young adult has positive or negative outlook of marriage is strongly correlated with family they come from. Individuals with positive attitudes about marriage that have†¦show more content†¦RESEARCH STRATEGY a. Significance Parental divorce and family conflicts during adolescence bear a great deal of influence on the quality of early adult marriages. This relationship the child has with their parents and whether they lived in a divorced or intact home has importance correlated to the value of marital relationships of early adulthood. There is a correlation between family conflict and early adolescent dating. Exchange Theory calculates that individuals who embrace attitudes that are leaning toward divorce are less likely to try and save their marriage. On the other hand, the cognitive dissonance theory calculates that individuals who are involved in the diminishing of the satisfaction of marriage, embrace attitudes leaning toward divorce as they decide whether to leave the marriage. Data provide stronger support for the exchange theory hypothesis. (Rogers, Stacy J., Amato, Paul R. 1999). Embracing other attitudes toward divorce reflects the undermining of the satisfaction and value of ma rriage in the stretch of things. Individuals who come from home of divorced parents have a greater complex view of marriage. 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Women Of The United States - 861 Words

Unlike the past, the social status of women is a lot improved. So, many female leaders are taking an active part in many fields. However, it is hard to find female leaders in top position. From the past, male dominated almost all of high social and official position in the world. Kings, presidents and many people who were in the high social hierarchy were predominately male, except some queens in U.K. Female has been playing a supporting role or was a second-class citizen. Females are still underrepresented in many field. The United States is a world leading county in many ways, such as politics, culture and economy. However, male-dominant culture still exists and very few women are in a status of leader. Compared to this, South Korea recently has their first female president. South Korea has a longer history than the United States, but the development in politics, culture and economy are lagged far behind. 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Elvis Presley and the Rock n Roll Transformation Essay Example For Students

Elvis Presley and the Rock n Roll Transformation Essay This critique will contrast the pop song Jailhouse Rock with reggae track Legalize It. The songs will be compared in musical aesthetic, rhythmic properties, song form and structure, harmonic progression and melodic contour, the dynamic relationship between harmony and melody as well as the lyrical content. As my pop piece, I have selected the classic Jailhouse Rock by Elvis Presley. I define this as a popular song because it charted at number 1 in the Billboard Hot 100 Charts (All Music, 2014) and the UK Singles Chart (Official Charts, 2014). The song is set at about 150bpm. Seven seconds into the song (having already laid the foundations of the track with Scotty Moore’s memorable riff), Elvis begins to sing the verse lyrics over the same intro Riff in a tenor/countertenor. At 18 seconds the song has already stepped into the chorus section, which delivers a short 12 bar blues turnaround in the same key but away from the initial riff. At 30 seconds it repeats the verse and chorus. At 57 seconds it repeats the verse and chorus again. After the 3rd chorus we reach the guitar solo, which is played over a short 3-chord turnaround and then flies straight into the 4th verse and chorus. We then have a 5th verse and chorus. The chorus is repeated along with the ‘Jailhouse rock’ refrain until the song is faded out to its conclusion. The song essentially follows a verse-chorus structure with a guitar break two-thirds through. So we’d say its in an ABABABCABAB format. This is easy on the listener’s ear and allows the chorus to stay fresh in the mind at all times, creating a memorable refrain. The song lasts for 2:35 seconds but manages to fit 5 verses and choruses, as well as a solo. This keeps the listener’s attention. The contrasting rhythmic elements of the beat between the verse and the chorus give it a great dynamic. It’s constantly up and down, creating a wonderful tension throughout. Elvis’ melodic contour is of the same register throughout, in a pentatonic blues style, which adds more contrast and colour to the track. The lyrics invite listeners to dance and have a good time no matter how bad things get. For example, the fourth verse (Lieber/Stoller, 1956) says: The sad sack was a sittin’ on a block of stone, Way over in the corner weepin’ all alone, The warden said, hey, buddy, don’t you be no square, If you cant find a partner use a wooden chair. ’ These lyrics suggest that even if you’re all alone in a jail cell, you can always dance with the wooden chair you’re sitting on! It has been suggested that Jailhouse Rock has homosexual undertones. Lyrics say â€Å"You’re the cutest jailbird I ever did see† (Lieber/Stoller, 1956) and as Cracked points out, â€Å"Last time we checked, prison wasnt co-ed† (2011). But for me it’s just a clever way of getting people to dance-anything goes when the music rolls. In contrast, I’d like to talk about a song called Legalize It by Peter Tosh. Peter Tosh was the lead guitarist in Bob Marley’s Wailers before going solo and releasing this self-titled album in 1976 (Independent, 2013). The track is in a traditional reggae rhythm of 72bpm in a 4/4 time that allows for the offbeat to create the reggae feel. The Guitar chords are F#-E repeated on the offbeat locking with the drums to create a really tight groovy rhythm. The bass riff is bang on with the first two beats of the bar locking in with the bass drum which is also placed at the first two beats of the bar. This is a classic example of a rhythm section being totally locked in to again, create that rock steady/reggae rhythm. The track doesn’t have many dynamics apart from the introduction leading into the song. It is then broken up with drum fills and a couple of guitar licks around the chords. The vocal contour is of a similar nature throughout both the verse and the chorus refrain of â€Å"Legalize It. .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .postImageUrl , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:hover , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:visited , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:active { border:0!important; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:active , .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69e9e609c1270f7fb7a5ef9ebf35401b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music For Children Essay SummaryThe structure is constant but the lyrics represent an ABABBABAB format with the verse repeated twice after the first chorus. Unlike â€Å"Jailhouse Rock†, this track does not jump from verse to chorus at the same pace but does have a verse-chorus structure. Both the chorus and verse of Legalize It are based over the two chords mentioned above (F#-E), whereas Jailhouse Rock uses a separate chord structure for both its verse and chorus. Legalize It simply alternates between the verse and chorus lyrics creating a hypnotic feel or ‘stoned’ feel. This perfectly suits the lyrics, which are a clear message to the legalization of marijuana, and the freedom and spiritualization of the Rastafarian race. Pop Matters notes that â€Å"Tosh believed deeply in his cause; it was part of his spiritual life as a devotee to Rastafari and he fought for it. Tosh had run in’s with officials where he blew smoke in their faces. To him, marijuana was righteous and this record wasn’t some childish call to get high-it was a vital shout for religious freedom† (2011). Legalize It is a brilliant example of how music can be used to emphasize lyrics and vise-versa. Elvis made his name as a hip-shaking, gyrating, rebel rousing pop musician in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Peter Tosh was just as rebellious, albeit with a different message. Taken together, we have two very passionate vocalists with the power to send a message through music to the masses. Although the songs use different styles, they have a common ground and that is the message that comes with the music. The ability to deliver an inspiring message to the masses is a powerful gift used by monarchs, governments and songwriters to this day. Bibliography: Lyrics to Jailhouse Rock (1957) Jerry Lieber and MikeStoller All Music (2014) All Music – Elvis Presley – Awards. Available at: http://www.allmusic.com/artist/elvis-presley-mn0000180228/awards (Accessed: 28 February 2014). British Broadcasting Corporation (2008) BBC – About the BBC. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/purpose/ (Accessed: 19 February 2008). Cracked (2011) Cracked – The Top 6 Most Misunderstood Pop Songs Of All Time. Available at: http://www.cracked.com/funny-6453-the-top-6-most-misunderstood-pop-songs-all-time/ (Accessed: 28 February 2014). Independent (2013) Independent Move over Bob Marley: Peter Tosh is finally getting the recognition he deserves. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/move-over-bob-marley-peter-tosh-is-finally-getting-the-recognition-he-deserves-8914028.html (Accessed: 28 February 2014). Official Charts (2014) Official Charts – Elvis Presley. Available at: http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/elvis presley (Accessed: 28 February 2014). PopMatters (2011) PopMatters – Peter Tosh: Legalize It/Equal Rights. Available at: http://www.popmatters.com/review/143907-peter-tosh-legalize-it-legacy-edition-equal-rights-legacy-edition/ (Accessed: 28 February 2014).